Helicobacter pylori (HP) ndi bakiteriya amene amakhala m'mimba ndipo amamatira ku chapamimba mucosa ndi intercellular spaces, kuchititsa kutupa.Matenda a HP ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a bakiteriya, omwe amapatsira anthu mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Ndiwo omwe amayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba ndi gastritis (kutupa kwa m'mimba).

Matenda amtundu wa ana ndi kuphatikizika kwa mabanja ndizomwe zimafunikira kwambiri pa matenda a HP, ndipo kufalikira kwa mabanja kungakhale njira yayikulu yoyambitsa matenda a HP ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda am'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, zam'mimba zam'mimba zokhudzana ndi lymphoid (MALT) lymphoma, ndi khansa ya m'mimba.Mu 1994, bungwe la World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO/IARC) linasankha Helicobacter pylori ngati kalasi I carcinogen.

M'mimba mucosa - chitetezo cha m'mimba

Nthawi zonse, khoma la m'mimba limakhala ndi njira zingapo zodzitetezera (kutulutsa kwa gastric acid ndi protease, kuteteza ntchofu zosasunthika komanso zosungunuka, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ndi zina), zomwe zimatha kukana kuwukiridwa kwa tizilombo tambirimbiri. amene alowa pakamwa.

HP ili ndi flagella yodziyimira payokha komanso mawonekedwe apadera a helical, omwe samangogwira ntchito yokhazikika panthawi yomwe mabakiteriya amatha kukhala, komanso amatha kukhala ozungulira ndikupanga mawonekedwe odziteteza m'malo ovuta.Pa nthawi yomweyi, Helicobacter pylori imatha kutulutsa poizoni wambiri, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti Helicobacter pylori imatha kudutsa m'mimba mwa madzi osanjikiza mwa mphamvu yake ndikukana chapamimba asidi ndi zinthu zina zoipa, kukhala tizilombo tomwe tingathe kupulumuka m'mimba mwa munthu. .

Pathogenesis ya Helicobacter pylori

1. Zamphamvu

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti Helicobacter pylori ali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kusuntha mu malo viscous, ndi flagella ndi zofunika kuti mabakiteriya kusambira kwa zoteteza ntchofu wosanjikiza pamwamba pa chapamimba mucosa.

2. Endotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) ndi vacuolar toxin (VacA)

Mapuloteni a Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) opangidwa ndi HP angayambitse kuyankha kwa kutupa kwanuko.Matenda a CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori amathanso kuonjezera chiopsezo cha atrophic gastritis, metaplasia yamatumbo ndi khansa ya m'mimba.

Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri cha Helicobacter pylori, chomwe chimatha kulowa mu mitochondria kuti chiwongolere ntchito za organelles.

3. Flagellin

Mapuloteni awiri a flagellin, FlaA ndi FlaB, amapanga zigawo zikuluzikulu za ulusi wa flagellar.Kusintha kwa flagellin glycosylation kumakhudza motility.Pamene mulingo wa FlaA protein glycosylation unachulukitsidwa, mphamvu zonse zosamuka komanso kuchuluka kwa koloni kumachulukira.

4. Urease

Urease imapanga NH3 ndi CO2 mwa hydrolyzing urea, yomwe imachepetsa asidi m'mimba ndikukweza pH ya maselo ozungulira.Kuphatikiza apo, urease amatenga nawo gawo pazoyankha zotupa ndikulimbikitsa kumamatira polumikizana ndi ma CD74 receptors pama cell am'mimba epithelial.

5. Kutentha kwamphamvu mapuloteni HSP60/GroEL

Helicobacter pylori imayamwa mapuloteni otetezedwa kwambiri a kutentha, omwe kufotokozera kwa Hsp60 ndi urease mu E. coli kumawonjezera kwambiri ntchito ya urease, kulola tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tizolowere ndikukhala ndi moyo mu niche yachilengedwe ya m'mimba mwa munthu.

6. Mapuloteni okhudzana ndi mbedza 2 homolog FliD

FliD ndi puloteni yomwe imateteza nsonga ya flagella ndipo imatha kuika flagellin mobwerezabwereza kuti ikule ulusi wa flagella.FliD imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati molekyu yomatira, pozindikira mamolekyu a glycosaminoglycan a ma cell omwe amalandila.Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ma anti-Flid antibodies ndi zizindikiro za matenda ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira serological.

Njira Zoyesera:

1. Mayeso a chimbudzi: Mayeso a antigen a stool ndi mayeso osasokoneza a H. pylori.Opaleshoniyo ndi yotetezeka, yosavuta komanso yachangu, ndipo sikutanthauza makonzedwe amkamwa a reagents.

2. Kuzindikira kwa Serum antibody: Pamene matenda a Helicobacter pylori apezeka m'thupi, thupi la munthu lidzakhala ndi ma antibodies a Helicobacter pylori m'magazi chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi.Pojambula magazi kuti aone kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies a Helicobacter pylori, amatha kuwonetsa ngati pali Helicobacter pylori m'thupi.matenda a bakiteriya.

3. Mayeso a mpweya: Iyi ndi njira yoyendera yodziwika kwambiri pakadali pano.Oral urea munali 13C kapena 14C, ndi mpweya kuyesa ndende ya carbon dioxide munali 13C kapena 14C patapita nthawi, chifukwa ngati pali Helicobacter pylori, urea adzakhala wapezeka ndi enieni urea.Ma enzymes amagawanika kukhala ammonia ndi carbon dioxide, yomwe imatuluka m'mapapo kudzera m'magazi.

4. Endoscopy: imalola kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala za chapamimba mucosal mbali monga redness, kutupa, nodular kusintha, etc.;endoscopy si yoyenera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta kwambiri kapena zotsutsana ndi ndalama zowonjezera (anesthesia, forceps) ).

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi bioantibody za H.pylorimalingaliro:

H. Pylori Antigen Rapid Test Kit (Lateral Chromatography)

H. Pylori Antibody Rapid Test Kit (Lateral Chromatography)